Une idée a traversé la sagesse grecque pendant des siècles. Elle vient d’un des Sept Sages fondateurs de la philosophie, Anacharsis semble-t-il. Elle fait des gens qui sont en mer une catégorie entre les vivants et les morts, livrée au hasard du vent et des vagues. Appareiller, c’est jouer sa vie et disparaître du monde dès que le bateau passe l’horizon. Plus encore que les marins antiques, ceux de l’ère des découvertes ont vécu cet exil. Ils ont accompli de longs périple

Permettez-moi de dire quelques mots d’un personnage sympathique aux marins, Edmund Halley, dont je crains fort qu’il soit assez méconnu. Edmund Halley dans sa féconde jeunesse La comète qui porte son nom, suite au calcul qu’il fait de sa période lors de son apparition en 1682, l’a installé dans la mémoire collective comme un astronome mineur. Mais il a été aussi mathématicien, physicien, hydrographe, météorologue, ingénieur, un authentique marin, ainsi qu’un vrai gentilhomme

En 1602, est fondée à Amsterdam la Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie , la compagnie des Indes orientales. C’est une société par actions, ce qui est assez nouveau. Elle remplace plusieurs entreprises de commerce avec les Indes apparues au cours des sept années précédentes. Les Staten-Generaal des Provinces-Unies – sénat & parlement réunis – la dotent d’une charte lui assurant le privilège du commerce avec l’Asie pour 21 ans. La VOC va devenir la plus puissante entreprise de

Thomas Slade Britain and France are at war in North America. War has been latent for two years between the endless rivals but, on the other side of the Atlantic ocean, events have already gone bad. Last year, on the Ohio river, the French thwarted the aggression of a fort by a militia led by a certain George Washington. The British navy is now harassing French merchant fleet and just seized a ship of the line. The awful struggle of the British settlers against the allied

Body Plan of 74-gun Terrible The 74-gun Terrible was lately launched in Toulon dockyard. Built after a design by François Coulomb the Younger, aged 48, this ship seems to be the prototype of a new sort of mighty two-deckers. Coulomb streamlined and enlarged the hull of former 74s so as to reach superb qualities of seakeeping and of swiftness as well as to accommodate 28 guns at the main deck, 30 guns at the upper deck, 10 guns at the quarterdeck and 6 more at the forecastle

92-gun three-decker Prins Willem Last year, Cornelis Evertsen, 42 years old, Lieutnant-Admiral of Zealand has replaced Tromp as Lieutnant-Admiral General. He is known as being both gallant and skilful, and also considered as politically neutral, in contrast with Tromp, an active Orangist. Present time requires consensus behind Prince Willem for a war against France is considered as short-term unavoidable by every observer. ¤ Moreover, Tromp is certainly known as competent

Grønland (1756) The Danish 50-gun Grønland , launched five years ago at Nyholm island near Copenhagen, departs for a scientific expedition in the Mediterranean sea. She got used to navigating these dangerous waters for she protected Danish trade ships against Barbary pirates lately. This expedition is named the Arabia mission. It has been mounted under the auspices of King Frederick V, who has wisely achieved not to get involved in the global war which begun five years ago

Cornelis Marteenszoon Tromp The Staten-Generaal, that is the assembly of senate and house of representatives, has decided to build thirty-six ships to replace the core of the fleet built in the 1660s. This decision results, first, from the French threat, on land as at sea, and, second, from the decay of the ships hastily built in the 1660s, many having already been broken up. ¤ As everybody knows, Duquesne defeated Ruyter in the Mediterranean sea in 1676, and D'Estrées defe

Aurore After having tackled the building of a marine watch in 1756, Pierre Le Roy, 50 years old, has reached a new step last year. It is said that the chronometer he presented to the Académie Royale des Sciences is as precise and reliable as famous Harrison's H4 made in 1759. ¤ Le Roy already invented the detent pivot escapement, or detached escapement, that he presented the Académie in 1748, the temperature-compensated balance by using bi-metallic components, and lately th

John Fitch, 43, originally a clockmaker then a gunsmith, successfully trials his steamboat Perseverance on the Delaware river. Fitch's first model (1785) Two years ago, Fitch achieved to convince the state legislative bodies of Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Virginia to award him a conditional 14-year monopoly for steam navigation on their waterways. He just missed Maryland and the district of Columbia to get a complete area of business in the core of the y

Charlotte Dundas The duet composed of Thomas Laurence Dundas, Baron Dundas, 62, & William Symington, an engineer, 39, undeterred by the failure of a previous attempt in 1801, has renewed it with a stronger steamboat named Charlotte Dundas. ¤ The first steamboat built by Dundas & Symington steamed successfully on the Carron river in 1801 but was dismissed from navigating on the Forth & Clyde canal for fear of damaging the banks. She had a paddle on each side - a feature whi

James Cook James Cook, the famous explorer, 44 years old by now, departs for his second voyage around the world with a copy of famous Watchmaker John Harrison’s H4, that is the watch K1, and three other time-keepers made last year. ¤ Harrison's H4 was the prototype which achieved to meet the accuracy requirement set by the Board of Longitude when crossing the Atlantic ocean. It completed it twice, in 1761 and 1763 - results met with some initial scepticism by the Board of L

The Santisima Trinidad y Nuestra Señora del Buen Fin, a 2,200-ton 60-gun Manila galleon, has made a bad journey from Manila to Acapulco. Having 435 persons aboard initially, she has lost 74 ones of typhus during her 221-day long journey. Three hundreds and ten or twenty more are lying, unable to move, near death. ¤ A standard journey takes five or six months. A seven-month one is long but not surprising. What is surprising is that a few men achieved to handle this quite bi

Claude d’Auxiron, ex-officer and polymath, a rightly renowned economist, 41, and Charles Monnin de Follenay, ex-officer, 38, formed last year a joint-venture company to promote steam navigation on river. Henri Léonard Bertin They achieved to convince the Secretary-of-State Henri Léonard Jean-Baptiste Bertin, aged 53, of the feasibility of a steamboat and of its economical interest. Since 1763 Bertin has been leading a ministry including agriculture, mines, river navigation a

Edmund Halley, an astronomer and polymath aged 35, already famed for quite a few achievements in astronomy and meteorology, presents two inventions at the Royal Society : (1) a diving bell ; (2) a damped compass. Diving Bell Halley's Diving Bell & Diving Suit Halley has been thinking about a diving bell meant to working underwater for a while. Two years ago, he produced a paper describing a bell moving on its four wheels on sea bottom, fitted with an air intake so as to main

Anne-Hilarion de Costentin, comte de Tourville Many ship constructions have already been ordered since the opening of this war between France and the Grand Alliance of England, of the United Provinces and of most of the states of the Holy Roman Empire of German Nations, including Austria and Brandenburg, joined by Spain last year. Yet the late French victory near Beachy Head has exacerbated arms race. The defeat of the Anglo-Dutch fleet led by Arthur Herbert, earl of Torring

Sumner's Manual Captain Thomas Hubbard Sumner publishes a New and Accurate Method of Finding a Ship’s Position at Sea . This is the fruit...

Captain Thomas Hubbard Sumner, 30 years old, commanding the sailing ship Cabot , travelling from Charleston, Virginia, to Greenock,...

Jean-Baptiste Colbert, 61 years old, Secretary-of-State for the Navy since 1669, has established three schools of naval architecture for naval officers at Brest, Toulon and Rochefort. It may look strange to address such schools to officers rather than to apprentice shipwrights but this decision is consistent with the creation in 1671 of the ‘Conseils de Construction’ to collect feedback from the officers about the performances of their ships – which, in its beginnings, unvei

Harrison's Chronometer H1 John Harrison, 46 years old, trials his first marine chronometer H1, built last year, on a round trip between London and Lisbon. A total failure on the way outward - it lost time -, the way back brings an encouraging success in the form of a precise landing against a 60-mile error in longitude for the traditional method of navigation by dead reckoning and by position shift through sun observation. This unexpected half-success rouses the Board of Lon